An Inquiry into the Nature of Dark Matter
The concept of dark matter is one of the important concepts in the scientist’s explanations of the universe. In this work, an attempt has been made to examine the nature of “dark matter” as well as to inquire into what lies beyond the cosmology? Before we examine the ontology of dark matter we need to be acquainted of how it is being described in the scientific world.
Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that is thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe, and about a quarter of its total energy density. The majority of dark matter is thought to be non-baryonic in nature, possibly being composed of some as-yet-undiscovered subatomic particles[1]
Various scientists and scholars tried to probe into the presence of dark matter and its support and relation to other matter and cosmos in general. For this reason, various astrophysical gravitational observations have been made but could not experience the ontology of dark matter without experiencing matter around it as support to see the dark. However, for its non-empirical nature exports conceive dark matter as ubiquitous.
Dark matter is called dark because it does not appear to interact with observable electromagnetic radiation, such as light, and is thus invisible to the entire electromagnetic spectrum, making it extremely difficult to detect using usual astronomical equipment.
Despite the progress and advancements in science, human minds yet face to face with mysterious questions of life, the universe and everything within it. It shows that the scientific word has not discovered everything within and beyond the cosmology and there is much more to be discovered. It is believed that only 10% of the knowledge is revealed about the universe. The undiscovered universe is inferred through the hypothesis of dark matter and dark energy.
The theory of cosmic inflation shows that the size of the entire universe is at least 10^23 times larger than the size of the discovered or observable universe. In this sense, we shall say that a lot of the universe is yet to be discovered. Thus some questions emerge in this context, what is outside the observable cosmology? Since the ontology of the undiscovered universe is beyond empirical experience and observations. However, in this regard, we attempt to probe into the ontology of the unknown. The hypothesis of the ontology of the unknown that we are trying to inquire into can be linked to the hypothesis of Alexander Kashlinsky, an astrophysicist of NASA’s who claims, “something from way beyond the edge seems to be pulling powerfully on galaxies in our universe, yanking them along in a motion he calls “dark flow.”
Scientists have studied long the origin and nature of the universe. But some attempted to search deeper into the undiscovered universe and engaged with the problem of “being” that lies beyond our empirical world even as assumed beyond the boundaries of our observable universe. In this work, we shall attempt to inquire further into the hypothesis that supports the existence of something else beyond observable existence. Some scientific theories might have or might not have affirmed the existence of something that lies beyond cosmology or observable universe. We claim that something important exists beyond our observable cosmos that make the cosmos balanced and observable but it is itself non-observable its existence can be inferred through a peculiar gravity and flow different from ordinary gravity as observed in the earth.
Furthermore, it is observed that scientists introduce mankind the universe “cosmos” and explains it many ways to make it known as well as understandable but there are still some questions that have the capacity to go beyond the ordinary scientific interpretations of the universe. Such as how everything in the universe is formed? What is the cause of the perceivable matter? What are dark matter and dark energy? What is the primeval matter? How this universe came into being? Is the universe one or many? What is the first principle out of which everything came into existence? As mentioned earlier some scientific discoveries and observations depict that some ten percent of ordinary matter is discovered, the existence of dark matter is assumed as 25% and 75% of dark energy. It shows that the universe that we observe is much more than the observable universe. Hence it is claimed that much more is yet to be discovered. The developments and advancements in the scientific field have not only made the unknown and unseen reality knowable but also reached the mysteries of the universe and attempt to discover everything behind it. Since the truth and validity of present scientific explanations on the origin of the universe cannot be viewed as absolute discoveries but rather some assumed and some verified hypotheses. In this connection, the work offers a fresh perspective to probe into the secrets and mysteries of the universe that we lack in the present scientific explanations of the universe.
Human realm through various scientific investigations came to know about the phenomenal world around them but also reached to the knowledge of cosmology and various other important facts of the universe through scientific theories such as big bang theory, cluster theory, gel theory, string theory, principle quantum mechanics theory and various other theories that attempted to explain the universe and interpret different processes associated with it. However, these theories revealed various secrets of the universe but still, we observe that much more universe is yet to be known. As far as the discoveries of physics are concerned we mainly look into the big bang, Newton, Einstein, Hawkins we have both agreements and disagreements with their findings and explanations. However, we support the observations made by the Higgs Boson theory. Before discussing the fundamentals of Higgs Boson theory some mind blogging questions need to bring into the scientist's concern that is, what existed before the big bang? What made the big bang expansion possible? In other words, we simply ask how do things come into being, what is the origin of anything that exists.
Big bang theory is one of the earlier and widely accepted scientific efforts to discover what happened at the beginning of the universe and explains how the universe and everything came into existence through the expansion or explosion. It is stated that some 12-14 million years ago the observed universe was only a few millimeters across and it expands up to the vast cosmos that we observe today. As for as the big bang theory is concerned some researches in physics and astronomy sciences affirmed that the universe, in fact, has a beginning and there was nothing before the event but after the event there was something. We do not need to go in to further discussions about big bang discovery but it is important to know how the expansion took place and what is the first cause of that matter or in other words, the origin of the origin needs to be explored. Big bang explains that our universe has “begun as something infinitesimally small, infinitely hot and infinitely dense, something- a singularity”[2] and after its initial appearance, it expands and continues to expand as big bang proposes. But the question remains how singularity came into being? What was before this process?
As for as particle physics depicts that any entity that has being (existence) is constituted of some matter at the fundamental level. In this sense existence of anything containing the fundamental elements such as an atom, sub atom, electron, proton, neutron, quark, advanced physics introduced also Higgs field (God particle) that constitutes any matter. Hence, we shall say that scientific discoveries enable us to know the mysteries of the universe its particles and the nature of matter. Science more often provides causal explanations of existent things. The present scientific explanations about the origin of matter are causal in nature but causal explanations fail to explain, what is the origin of the origin or the fundamental element that make matter visible and knowable? It also faces the problem of infinite regress in the sense that it needs to go back, again and again, to find out the original source of the matter. So we shall say that the elements like atoms and sub-atoms are not the cause of matter but are its constituents. There are various scientific approaches which are being used to analyze the building blocks of matter, such as quantum theory, general relativity theory, string theory and so on. The problem with present scientific theories is that they are confined to find the material caused by the material I mean anything that can be empirically or analytically verified. Here the question of dark matter arises because it is not subject to empirical and analytical experience. In this work, we support the hypothesis that the existence of dark matter is the primary cause of the expansion explained in the big bang theory. Similarly the existence of atoms and subatoms neutrons, protons are assumed to have their cause in the dark matter. However, dark matter is a mystery and it needs to be investigated in order to understand the secret of nature. We assume that if the reality of the dark matter is unveiled many other secrets of the universe shall be unveiled.
Dark matter is the fundamental aspect of the matter that supports every existent particle or entity material as well as immaterial. It is the storehouse of possibilities. It is connected with infinite energy conceived as dark energy. Dark matter is not blank state as interpreted by some scholars rather it is the precursor of observable matter. The discoveries about dark matter reveal that it is a mystery and embracement in the scientific world because the questions related to its existence or it ontological status like how it came into being is to be known. Dark matter is not observable because it does not come into the contact with electromagnetic energy neither emits nor observes light. But scientific discoveries acknowledge the existence of dark matter a and dark energy in greater quantity than the observable matter. Its existence is inferred through the gravitational effect and connection it has with the observable matter. Dark matter is spread throughout the universe. It is everywhere associated with infinite energy in this sense its effect is observed universally.
The existence of dark matter can be inferred through the argument that the visible matter seems insufficient to hold the movements of the heavenly bodies in the orbit. We assume that it is supported by the invisible matter that holds the observable matter and makes the movement possible without collision and prevents it to fly off into the intergalactic space. So there is a systematic order and balance in the universe. That balance is possible by dark matter. If there is not the balance of this sort there would be contrast and violation in expansion in which objects were flying apart from each other and this violation or uncontrolled and imbalanced expansion would destroy each other. So there is balance and harmony in the order of the universe and this balance is maintained by both observable and non-observable entities present in it. Thus we claim that the existence of dark matter cannot be denied and is subject to further inquiries.
The idea of dark matter received much scientific attention in 1970 and it becomes a well-recognized concept. In 1975 a conference in Tallinn Estonia has been devoted to the idea of dark matter and various questions have been raised in its nature. During that time some scholars viewed the dark matter as “baryonic” that is made up of particles consisting of three quarks such as protons and neutrons which contribute mass to the matter observable to human to us from. Some scholars regard dark matter as a non-baryonic particle. Furthermore, dark matter was classified as the hot dark matter HDM and cold dark matter CDM. The relativistic dark matter particles consist of low mass neutrons that move close to the speed of light are referred as hot dark matter, whereas matter consisting of particles with non-relativistic velocities is viewed as cold dark matter. Both hot and cold process has a role to play in the process of particle formation. As we have observed that in earlier times when there were no planets, no galaxies, and no stars. In other words, when nothing was observable, even then the universe was filled with particles of the sub-atomic level. Again the question of the first principle came into the sharp focus. And to probe into the origin of everything in the cosmology and beyond cosmology, we offer a new theory that can help us to reach and uncover the mysteries of the dark matter, dark energy and the other secrets of the universe.
In present scientific explanations, there is no verified and the accepted theory that has given some observable mechanism or phenomena attributed to the idea of dark matter and dark energy. The present work proposes such a theory that is focused to inquire about the origin of everything including the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy. Therefore, we hypothesize the super infinity wave theory. In this theory an attempt has been made to explore the following fundamental questions:
What is the “first principle” or process out of which everything is made?
How material particle comes into being from anti-matter?
How these particles function together and give birth to another mass particle?
Are these particles function by own or they require some non-observable matter and energy? How dark matter and dark energy is necessary for the whole process of origination and birth of mass particle and matter in general?
To answer these questions we need to see the structure of the super infinity wave theory.
Anti-matter
A mass-less storehouse of energy
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Dark matter
Non-observable matter
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Observable matter
Energy+ matter
= observable matter or ordinary matter
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The above classification shows that the existence of the visible universe is a triple process. The first stage of the classification is to be understood as a storehouse of infinite energy. There is no observable activity. It is motionless and mass-less in nature. However, it is important to mention that the first stage is peculiar, in the sense that it has different laws and dimension. It works differently from that of the other two stages. However, the first stage exists independently from the laws, and space, time dimensions that work in the third stage. Hence it is claimed that the first stage entails its own laws and time that is different from that of the observable world.
The nature of the first stage is silent and recessive. To understand this view one must observe the origination of a tree. The essence of a tree is its seed that contains all ever-existent potential to become a tree, but still, it requires a special process external to it such as its contact with the soil, water, and other nutrients to become a tree. In the same way, the first stage plays the role of producing particle and other matter through proper contact between matter and anti-matter by this process the recessive mode functions. The collective function between the matter and anti-matter is the process of mass formation that begins between the first two stages and finally appears in the third observable stage. In other words, we shall say that at the first stage energy contracts with the non-observable matter the process between the two stages is non-observable but their active the process gives birth to particle and general observable matter .thus we propose that the source of particles lies in antimatter and non –observable matter mass that is shown in the above structure of super infinity wave theory.
In this theory, it also claimed that any sort of matter necessarily has an association with energy. Energy is a precursor of all matter both observable as well as non-observable.
Dark matter and dark energy are two inexhaustible, non-empirical realities exist throughout the universe devoid of mass and weight. Whatever is being observed in terms of physical properties are inherently linked to these realities. Since the function of these two realities is non-empirical and non-verifiable in the purely scientific domain but there is existence can be denied. It is existence has been accepted in the scientific debates as something non-observable holding the observable world and cosmic phenomenon. Some of the physicists affirm that something unknown and non-observable has gravity that makes the balance in the galaxy possible. So the existence of these two realities is yet indefinable in a purely scientific language because of its non-observable nature. Thus one can take these two realities as something behind the origin of “being” anything that exists. These two realities work in their peculiar modes into the cosmos as well as at the microorganism to the mass universe. However, these two supreme energies together under its own law, time and dimension give birth to mass. This is what we could not answer through big bang explanation of the universe and other particle physics theories that faces the problem of infinite regress.
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